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CHAPTER: IT IS EXCELLENT TO BREAK THE VOW IF ONE FINDS IT BETTER DOING THAT WHICH IS AGAINST THIS VOW ONE SHOULD EXPIATE IT
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Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported: I came to Allaah's Prophet (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) along with a group of Ash'arites requesting to give us a mount. He (the Prophet) said: By Allaah, I cannot provide you with a mount, and there is nothing with me which I should give you as a ride. He (the narrator) said: We stayed there as long as Allaah willed. Then there were brought to him (to the Prophet) camels. He (the Prophet) then ordered to give us three white humped camels, We started and said (or some of us said to the others): Allaah will not bless us. We came to Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) begging him to provide us with riding camels. He swore that he could not provide us with a mount, but later on he provided us with that. They (some of the Prophet's Companions) came and informed him about this (rankling of theirs), whereupon he said: It was not I who provided you with a mount, but Allaah has provided you with that. So far as I am concerned, by Allaah, if He so wills, I would not swear, but if, later on, I would see better than it, I (would break the vow) and expiate it and do that which is better.
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Abu Musa reported: My friends sent me to Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) asking him to provide them with mounts as they were going along with him in jaish al-'Usrah (the army of destitutes or of meagre means or army setting out during the hard times and that is the occasion of the expedition of Tabuk) I said: Prophet of Allaah, my friends have sent me to you so that you may provide them with mounts. He (the Prophet) said: By Allaah, I cannot provide you with anything to ride. And it so happened that he was at that time much perturbed. I little knew of it, so I came back with a heavy heart on account of the refusal of Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), and the fear that Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) might have some feelings against me. I returned to my friends and informed them about what Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) had said. I had hardly stayed for a little that I heard Bilal calling: 'Abdullah b. Qais. I responded to his call. He said: Hasten to Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam), he is calling you, When I came to the Prophet (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) he said: Take this pair, this pair, and this pair (i. e. six camels which he had bought from Sa'd), and take them to y, our friends and say: Verily Allaah (or he said: Verily Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) has provided you with these animals. So ride upon them. Abu Musa said: I went along with them to my friends and said: Verily Allaah's messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) has provided you with these animals for riding; but by Allaah, I shall not leave you until some of you go along with me to him who had heard the talk of Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) then I asked him for you, and his refusal for the first time, and then his granting them to me subsequently; so you should not think that I narrated to you something which he did not say. They said to me: By Allaah, in our opinion you are certainly truthful, and we would do as you like. So Abu Musa went along withsome of the menfrom them until they came to those who had heard the words of Allaah's Messenger (may, sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) and his refusal to (provide) them with (animals) ; and subsequently his granting (the animals) to them; and they narrated to them exactly as Abu Masa had narrated to them.
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Ayyub said: We were sitting in the company of Abu Musa that he called for food and it consisted of flesh of fowl. It was then that a person from Banu Tamim visited him. His complexion was red having the resemblance of a slave. He said to him: Come and (join me in food). He showed reluctance. He (Abu Masa) said: Come on, for I saw Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) eating it (fowl's meat), whereupon that person said: I saw it eating something (of filth and rubbish) and I found it repugnant and took an oath that I would never eat that. He (Abu Muds) said: Come, so that I would narrate to you about that (the incident pertaining to vow). (And he narrated thus): I came to Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) along with a group of people belonging to the tribe of Ash'ari, asking him to provide us with riding camels. He (the Prophet) said: By Allaah, I cannot provide you with riding animals. And there is nothing with me with which I can provide you a mount. We stayed (for some time) there as Allaah willed, and there was brought to Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) booty of camels. He called us and commanded that we should be given five white humped camels. As we were about to go back, some of us said to the other: As we made Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) forget oath, there would be no blessing for us (in his gift). We went back to him and said: Allaah's Messenger, we came to you to provide us with riding animals and you took an oath that you would never equip us with mounts and then you have provided us with the riding beasts Allali's Messenger, have you forgotten? Thereupon he said: I swear by Allaah that if Allaah so wills, I shall not swear an oath, and then consider something else to be better than it without making atonement for my oath and doing the thing that is better. So you go; Allaah, the Exalted and Glorious, has given you riding animals.
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Tamim b. Tarafa reported: A beggar came to 'Adi b. Hatim and he begged him to give him the price of a slave, or some portion of the price of the slave. He ('Adi) said: I have nothing to give you except my coat-of-mail and helmet. I will, however, write to my family to give that to you, but he did not agree to that. Thereupon 'Adi was enraged, and said: By Allaah, I will not give you anything. The person (then) agreed to accept that, whereupon he said: By Allaah, had I not heard Allaah's Messenger (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam) saying:" He who took an oath, but then found something more pious in the sight of Allaah, he should (break the oath) and do that which is more pious," I would not have broken the oath (and thus paid you anything).
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